Comparative Politics;
International Security;
Soviet and Post-Soviet Politics;
The Politics of Science and Technology;
Post-Cold War International Security

Institute for International Studies
Department of History

September 2000 - August 2001 (invited) Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences
March 1999 Visiting Fellow, Norwegian Nobel Institute, Oslo
July 1983 - July 1986 Senior Research Associate, Center for International Security and Arms Control, Stanford University
August 1981- 1982 Visiting Fellow, Peace Studies Program, and Visiting Professor, Department of Government, Cornell University.
September 1978- August 1979 Fellow, International Security Studies Program, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, D.C.
July 1978- August 1979 Visiting Fellow, Peace Studies Program, Cornell University.
May 1974- September 1974 Visiting Fellow, Hessische Stiftung Friedens und Konfliktsforschung, Frankfurt-am-Main.

1991-1997 Member, Board of Directors, National Council for Soviet and East European Research
1987-1992 Member, Committee on International Peace and Security,
Social Science Research Council
1990- Member, Board of Directors, Ploughshares Foundation

Courses

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Books

Reexamining the Soviet Experience: Essays in Honor of Alexander Dallin, co-editor with Norman Naimark, Westview Press, 1996, 279 pp.

Stalin and the Bomb: The Soviet Union and Atomic Energy, 1939-1956, Yale University Press, 1994, 464 pp. (Named by the New York Times Book Review as one of the 11 best books of 1994; chosen by Publisher's Weekly as one of the best books of 1994; winner of the Vucinich and Shulman Awards of the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, 1995; finalist for the Los Angeles Times history prize and for the BABRA nonfiction book award.) Paperback edition, 1996. Published in Polish, 1996; in Portuguese, Japanese, and Russian in 1997; in Romanian in 1998.

The Reagan Strategic Defense Initiative: A Technical, Political, and Arms Control Assessment, coauthor with Sidney D. Drell and Philip J. Farley, Center for International Security and Arms Control, Stanford University, 1984, 142 pp.; published by Ballinger, 1985.

The Warsaw Pact: Alliance in Transition?, coeditor with Jane Sharp, and author of the Introduction, Cornell University Press, 1984, 290 pp.

The Soviet Union and the Arms Race, Yale University Press, 1983, 211 pp. A paperback edition with a new introduction was published in 1984. Dutch and Italian editions were published in 1984.

Papers

"Physics, the state, and civil society in the Soviet Union," Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences" vol. 31, part 1, 1999, pp. 173-193.

"Reflections on Arzamas-16," Post-Soviet Affairs, January-March 1995, pp. 80-82.

"How the Bomb Saved Soviet Physics," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, November/December 1994, pp. 46-55 (excerpted from ch. 10 of Stalin and the Bomb).

"Soviet Nuclear History," Cold War International History Project Bulletin, Fall 1994, pp.1-9.

"The Politics of Catastrophe," New York Review of Books, June 10, 1993, pp. 36-38.

"Operation Barbarossa: The German Attack on the Soviet Union, June 22, 1941," special issue Soviet Union/Union Soviètique, vol. 18, nos. 1-3, 1991. Coeditor with Norman Naimark, Alexander Dallin, Sasha Pursley.

"V. I. Vernadsky: Pis'ma k synu i docheri" Vestnik Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1990, No. 12, pp 122-133 (with V. Ia. Frenkel' and I. I. Mochalov).

"The Catastrophe and After," New York Review of Books, July 19, 1990, pp. 4-6; reprinted in Chemtech, February 1991, pp. 80-84.

"The Scientist and the Tyrant," New York Review of Books, March 1, 1990, pp. 23-25.

"State, Society, and the Military under Gorbachev," International Security, Winter 1989/90, (Vol. 14, No. 3); also in Alexander Dallin and Gail W. Lapidus, eds., The Soviet System in Crisis, Westview, 1991, pp. 616-632; a longer version was published in a Japanese book under the title "Militarism and Demilitarization."

"Gorbachev's New Thinking," in Foreign Affairs, Winter 1988-89, pp. 66-81.

"V.I. Vernadskii i atomnaia energiia," Ocherki istorii estestvoznaniia i tekhniki: #36, 1989, pp. 30-37.

"State of the Union," New York Review of Books, June 12, 1986, pp. 18-21.

With Sidney D. Drell and Philip J. Farley, "Preserving the ABM Treaty: A Critique of the Reagan Strategic Defense Initiative," International Security, Fall 1984. pp. 51-91 (an abridged version of The Reagan Strategic Defense Initiative: A Technical, Political, and Arms Control Assessment, above); also in Steven E. Miller and Stephen Van Evera (eds.) The Star Wars Controversy, Princeton U.P., 1986, pp. 57-97.

"The Strategic Defense Initiative and the Soviet Union," Daedalus, Summer 1985, pp. 257-278; also in Franklin A. Long, Donald Haffner, and Jeffrey Boutwell (eds.), Weapons in Space, W.W. Norton & Co., 1986, pp. 257-278; excerpted in P. Edward Haley and Jack Merritt (eds.) Strategic Defense Initiative: Folly or Future?, Westview Press, 1986, pp. 139-150.

"Field Marshal Stalin," New York Review of Books, November 22, 1984, pp. 48-50.

"How Tough Is the Red Army," New York Review of Books, June 2, 1983, pp. 22-24.

"The View from the Kremlin," Wilson Quarterly, Winter 1983, pp. 102-111.

"The Politics of Soviet Science and Technology," Social Studies of Science, May 1981, pp. 259-274 (review essay).

"Military Power and Political Purpose in Soviet Policy," Daedalus, Fall 1980, 13-30; reprinted in Robbin F. Laird and Erik P. Hoffmann (eds.) Soviet Foreign Policy in a Changing World, 1986, pp. 246-265.

"War, Militarism and the Soviet State," Alternatives, March 1980, pp. 59-92; also as Working Paper No. 17, World Order Models Project, New York, 1981, 34pp.; also in E.P. Thompson and Dan Smith (eds.) Protest and Survive, Penguin Books, 1980, pp. 129-169; in Erik P. Hoffmann and Robbin F. Laird, eds., The Soviet Polity in the Modern Era, Aldine Publishing Co., 1984, pp. 359-391; and in Paul Joseph and Simon Rosenblum (eds.) Search for Sanity: The Politics of Nuclear Weapons and Disarmament, South End Press, 1984, pp. 319-341. Shortened versions appeared in Danish and Norwegian journals.

"Soviet Thermonuclear Development," International Security, Winter 1979/80, pp. 192-197.

"Innovation in Science - The Case of Cybernetics in the Soviet Union," Science Studies, 1974, no. 4, pp. 299-337.

"Technology and Political Decision in Soviet Armaments Policy," Journal of Peace and Research, 1974, no. 4, pp. 257-280; Technologie und Politische Entscheidungsgewalt in der Sowjetishchen Rustungspolitik, Forschungsbericht 10/1975, Hessische Stiftung Friedens und Konfliktsforschung, Frankfurt-am-Main, 1975, 61pp. also in Dieter Lutz (ed.) Die Rustung der Sowjetunion, Nomos, 1979, 189-229. [A shortened version appeared in Friedensanalysen. Fur Theorie und Praxis 2, Surkamp, 1976, pp. 86-106.]

"Science in Russian and Soviet Society," Science Studies, 1973, no. 3, pp. 61-72 (review essay).

"The Soviet Approach to MBFR," Waverly Papers, no. 5, March 1973; also in Beitrage zur Konfliktforschung, 1973, no. 4, pp. 5-32.

"Scientific Truth and Political Authority in the Soviet Union," Government and Opposition, Summer 1970, pp. 345-367; reprinted in Leonard Schapiro (ed.) Political Opposition in One-Party States, Macmillan, 1972, pp. 152-178.

"Strategic Concepts and Soviet Policy," Survival, November 1971, pp. 364-369; reprinted in EMO National Digest, April-May 1972.

Co-author with George Bunn, Arms Control without Treaties? Rethinking U.S.-Russian Strategic Negotiations in Light of the Duma-Senate Slowdown in Treaty Approval, CISAC Working Paper, February 1998, 21 pp.

"Entering the Nuclear Arms Race: The Soviet Decision to Build the Atomic Bomb," Working Paper No. 9, International Security Studies Program, The Wilson Center, Washington D.C., 1979, 62pp; revised version in Social Studies of Science, May 1981, pp. 159-197.

Technology, Management and the Soviet Military Establishment, Adelphi Paper No. 76, Institute for Strategic Studies, London, 1971, 44 pp.

Contributions to Books

"V poiskakh Kharitona," in V.I. Goldanskii, ed., "Iulii Borisovich Khariton: Put’ dlinoiu v vek," Moscow: Editorial; URSS. 1999, pp. 439-445. (Reprinted in V.N. Mikhailov, ed., Chelovek stoletiia: Iulii Borisovich Khariton, Moscow: Izdat, 1999, pp. 228-235.)

"How Soviet Physicists Caught Up," in George A. Lopez and Nancy J. Myers, eds., Peace and Security: The Next Generation, Rowman and Littlefield, 1997, pp 18-24; adapted from "How the Bomb Saved Soviet Physics."

"Some Thoughts on the Early Soviet, American, British and German Projects," in Nauka i Obshchestvo: Istoriia Sovetskogo Atomnogo Proekta, Izdat, 1997, pp 94-100.

"Bohr, Beria, and the Question of Atomic Intelligence," in Holloway and Naimark, eds., Reexamining the Soviet Experience, 1996, pp. 237-258.

"The State of the Field: Soviet Foreign Policy," in Daniel Orlovsky, ed., Beyond Soviet Studies, The Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1995, pp. 269-286.

"The Soviet Union and the Origins of the Arms Race," in Melvyn P. Leffler & David S. Painter, eds., Origins of the Cold War, Routledge, 1994, pp. 95-106. (Ch. 2 of The Soviet Union and the Arms Race)

With Michael McFaul, "Demilitarization and Defense Conversion," in Gail W. Lapidus, ed., The New Russia: Troubled Transformation, Westview Press, 1994, pp. 193-222.

"Learning to Live and Let Live," in Abraham Brumberg, ed., Chronicle of a Revolution. A Western-Soviet Enquiry into Perestroika, Pantheon Books, 1990, pp.145-160.

"New Thinking Abroad and the Military's Stake in Reform at Home," in George Breslauer, ed., Can Gorbachev's Reforms Succeed?, Berkeley-Stanford Program in Soviet Studies, Berkeley, 1990, pp.111-124.

"The Soviet Future in a Nuclear Age," in R.W. Davies ed., The Soviet Union, 2nd ed., Unwin Hyman, 1989, pp 188-200.

"The Politics of Arms Control," in Jeffrey Porro ed., The Nuclear Age Reader, Alfred A. Knopf 1989, pp 367-371 (excerpted from ch. 4 of The Soviet Union and the Arms Race).

With Condoleezza Rice, "The Evolution of Soviet Forces, Strategy, and Command," in Kurt Gottfried and Bruce Blair (eds.) Crisis Stability and Nuclear War, Oxford University Press, 1988, pp. 126-158.

"Science and Power in the Soviet Union," in Nicolaas Rupke (ed.) Science, Politics and the Public Good, Macmillan, 1988, pp. 141-159.

"Arms Control," in James Cracraft, The Soviet Union Today, 2nd ed., University of Chicago Press, 1988, pp. 126-135.

"Nuclear Weapons in Europe: Political and Moral Considerations," in Howard Davis (ed.), Ethics and Defence, Basil Blackwell, 1986, pp. 152-172.

"The Defense Economy," in John B. Harris and Eric Markusen, eds., Nuclear Weapons and the Threat of Nuclear War, Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1986, pp 354-366 (excerpted from chs 6 and 8 of The Soviet Union and the Arms Race).

"U.S. Soviet Strategic Competition and the Security of Northeast Asia," in Prospects for Peace in the Asian-Pacific Region, Center for International Security and Arms Control, March 1986, pp. 9-21.

"Thinking About Nuclear War: The Soviet View," in Fred Holroyd, ed., Thinking About Nuclear Weapons: Analyses and Prescriptions, London: Groom Helm, 1985, pp. 45-72 (an abridgement of ch. 3 of The Soviet Union and the Arms Race).

"Western Technology and Soviet Military Power," in Mark Schaffer (ed.), Technology Transfer and East-West Relations, Croom Helm, 1985, pp. 170-187.

"Soviet Policy and the Arms Race," in Gwyn Prins, The Choice: Nuclear Weapons Versus Security, Chatto and Windus, 1984, pp 109-127.

"Soviet INF Policy," in H. H. Holm and N. Peterson (eds.) The European Missile Crisis, St. Martin's Press, 1983, 98-116. (This volume was also published in Danish.)

"The Political and Historical Context of Soviet Military Expenditures" and "Economics and the Soviet Weapons Acquisition Process," in Soviet Military Economic Relations, Proceedings of a workshop sponsored jointly by the Subcommittee on International Trade, Finance, and Security Economics of the Joint Economic Committee and the Congressional Research Service Library of Congress, U.S. Government P.O., Washington, DC 1983, pp 11-53.

"Innovation in the Defence Sector" and "Innovation in the Defense Sector: Two Case Studies," in R. Amann and J. Cooper (eds.) Industrial Innovation in the Soviet Union, Yale University Press, 1982, pp. 276-414.

"Theatre Nuclear Weapons: The Soviet Doctrine," Mary Kaldor and Dan Smith, eds., Disarming Europe, The Merlin Press, 1982, pp 89-104.

"Foreign and Defence Policy," in Archie Brown and Michael Kaser (eds.) Soviet Policy for the 1980s, Macmillan, 1982, pp. 35-64.

"Technology and Doctrine in Soviet Armaments Policy," in Derek Leebaert (ed.) Soviet Military Thinking, Allen and Unwin, 1981, pp. 259-291.

"The Soviet Style of Military R&D," in F.A. Long and Judith Reppy (eds.) The Genesis of New Weapons: Decision Making for Military R&D, Pergamon, 1980, pp. 137-157.

"Military Technology," in R. Amann, J. Cooper and P. W. Davies (eds.) The Technological Level of Soviet Industry, Yale University Press, 1977, pp. 407-489.

"The Political Uses of Scientific Models: the cybernetic model of government in Soviet social science," in Lyndhurst Collins, ed., The Use of Models in the Social Sciences, Taristock Publications, 1976, pp. 110-129.

"Foreign and Defence Policy," in Archie Brown and Michael Kaser (eds.) The Soviet Union since the Fall of Khrushchev, Macmillan, 1975, pp. 49-76; 2nd edition 1977.

"Models of Reform in Eastern Europe," in James Cornford (ed.) The Failure of the State: On the Distribution of Economic and Political Power in Europe, Croom Helm, 1975, pp. 141-173.